Ambiguidade pronominal em orações adverbiais do português europeu: crianças vs. adultos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates how European Portuguese children interpret null and overt subject pronouns of adverbial clauses when there are two potential antecedents in the main clause, in order to find out how early the preferred readings are acquired in European Portuguese for each type of pronoun.Our results show that the control group of adults behaves as expected, choosing more often subject antecedents for null subjects and non-subject antecedents for subject pronouns, but children are predominantly at chance.The preferred interpretation for null subjects is acquired earlier than the one for overt pronouns and anaphoric contexts are acquired earlier than cataphoric ones.We attribute this developmental pattern to the fact that null pronouns are morphosyntactically more deficient and less dependent on semantic, discourse and prosodic factors, and to processing constraints related to the linear position of the antecedent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".