Treatment and Outcomes for Primary Cutaneous Extramedullary Plasmacytoma: A Case Series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma (pcp) is a rare disease, with few studies to guide therapy. Our primary study objective was to define treatments used for pcp; a secondary objective was to describe outcomes of patients, including disease recurrence and death. Methods An institutional cancer registry was used to identify cases for retrospective chart review. In a systematic review, treatments for, and outcomes of, all known cases of pcp were described. Results Three eligible cases identified at our institution; each patient had a solitary pcp. The systematic review identified 66 patients. Radiotherapy was the most commonly used primary treatment modality (31% of all patients; 42% for patients with solitary lesions), followed by surgery (28% of all patients; 36% for patients with solitary lesions). Median survival for all patients was 10.4 years [95% CI: 4.3 years to not reached], with a trend toward a decreased risk of death with solitary lesions compared with multiple lesions (hazard ratio: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.13 to 1.08; p = 0.059). For patients with solitary lesions, the median and recurrence-free survivals were, respectively, 17.0 years (95% CI: 1.7 years to not reached) and 11.0 years (95% CI: 2 years to not reached); for patients with multiple lesions, they were 4.3 years (95% CI: 1.3 to not reached) and 1.4 years (95% CI: 0.6 years to not reached). Disease recurrence, including progression to multiple myeloma, was the most common cause of death. Conclusions Compared with patients having multiple pcp lesions, those presenting with a single pcp lesion might experience longer overall survival. Local therapy (radiation or surgery) is a reasonable curative treatment for a solitary pcp lesion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".