SUBCOOLED FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF R134A IN HORIZONTAL HELICALLY COILED TUBES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subcooled flow boiling heat transfer of R134a in helically coiled tubes was investigated experimentally. Experiments were carried out at pressure ranging from 412 to 653 kPa, inlet subcooled temperature from 5.0 to 11.0° C, heat flux from 0.11 to 15.4 kWm−2 and mass flux from 147 to 249 kg m−2s−1. The wall temperature distribution was analyzed. In the case of single-phase flows, the wall temperature distribution is attributed to the secondary flow and the velocity profile of the main flow. In the case of two-phase flows, the temperature distribution is explained based on the buoyance and drag forces acting on the bubble. An increase of the inlet subcooling leads, for early subcooled boiling, to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient. However, the pressure has an opposite function on heat flux at the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) and heat transfer coefficient. Besides, raising the mass flux can cause a substantial increase in the heat flux at ONB, but the effect on the heat transfer coefficient was negligible. The correlations of heat flux at ONB and the subcooled boiling heat transfer coefficient in a horizontal, helically coiled tube were developed based on the experimental data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".