Erythropoietin Is Equally Effective as Blood Transfusion at Reducing Infarct Size in Anemic Rats.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Abstract 639 Background: In acute myocardial infarction (MI), anemia may exacerbate ischemia, increasing tissue injury. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is currently the only therapeutic intervention to acutely correct anemia. Erythropoietin (EPO) has previously been shown to be cardioprotective, independent of its erythropoietic effects, during ischemic injury in non-anemic hosts. The goal of this study was to measure the cardioprotective effect of EPO compared to that of RBC transfusion in anemic rats after acute MI. Experimental Design: MI was induced by ligation of left descending coronary artery in 62 male Sprague-Dawley rats, 47 of which were anemic (Hb 80-90 g/L), and 15 with normal Hb levels (140-150 g/L). To compare the effects of EPO treatment and RBC transfusion (stored <4 hours in CPDA-1), animals were randomized and either treated with EPO (2,000 U/kg), transfused with RBC to a Hb level of 100 g/L, or received control treatment with saline instead of EPO, or pentastarch (PS) instead of transfusion, immediately following MI. Anemic and normal Hb animals were randomized into 6 treatment groups: 1. Normal Hb, saline treatment; 2. Normal Hb, EPO treatment; 3. Anemic, saline treatment; 4. Anemic, EPO treatment; 5. Anemic, PS infusion; 6. Anemic, transfusion to Hb 100 g/L. At 24 hours post-MI, hemodynamic measurements were obtained, and infarct size was determined. Results: Both normal Hb groups (EPO and saline treated) had significantly improved 24-hour survival compared to the anemic groups treated with saline and PS (100% and 90% vs. 54% and 50%, respectively; P<0.05). There was a non-significant trend of higher survival in anemic animals treated with EPO or transfusion (70% and 75%, respectively; P=NS) compared to the saline and PS groups. Twenty-four hours post-MI, the infarct size to area at risk ratios were significantly increased in the anemic saline and PS groups compared to the normal Hb group (P<0.05). Infarct size was significantly decreased in both the EPO treated and transfused groups compared to the anemic saline and PS groups (P<0.05). Cardiac function as measured by LVSP, dP/dtmax(contractility), and–dP/dtmin(diastolic function) was better preserved 24 hours post-MI in the normal Hb groups and the EPO or transfusion treated anemic animals compared to PS or saline treated anemic animals. No statistically significant differences were observed in infarct size or cardiac function between the EPO and transfusion treated anemic groups. Conclusions: EPO treatment was as effective as RBC transfusion in anemic animals after acute MI in reducing infarct size and improving cardiac function. The acute cardioprotective effects of EPO treatment occurred in the absence of any changes in Hb concentration. (This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Blood Services, Bayer Partnership Fund, and the Anemia Institute of Research and Education). Disclosures: Xenocostas: Ortho Biotech, Canada: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".