Хладагенты и хладоносители систем кондиционирования воздуха
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Considerated are the main mean of refrigerants and coolants in air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Also considered the standard set by international organizations for designation to refrigerants. Are considerate the classification of refrigerants impact on the ozone layer of the Earth, which was proposed by the Montreal Protocol in 1987. Classification implies three main groups of refrigerants: chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochloric fluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons. Are described and presented basic properties of refrigerants in table: composition, the potential depletion of the ozone layer and global warming, temperature glide and flammability. Are described the basic meaning of the temperature glide based on PI diagrams real azeotropic refrigerant R22 and zeotropic R407C. Are designated classification coolants for their intended purpose, state of aggregation, operating temperature range, freezing point? The final table are summarized the freezing point of aqueous solutions of refrigerants depending on their concentration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".