Structural Insights into c-Myc-interacting Zinc Finger Protein-1 (Miz-1) Delineate Domains Required for DNA Scanning and Sequence-specific Binding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
c-Myc-interacting zinc finger protein-1 (Miz-1) is a poly-Cys2His2 zinc finger (ZF) transcriptional regulator of many cell cycle genes. A Miz-1 DNA sequence consensus has recently been identified and has also unveiled Miz-1 functions in other cellular processes, underscoring its importance in the cell. Miz-1 contains 13 ZFs, but it is unknown why Miz-1 has so many ZFs and whether they recognize and bind DNA sequences in a typical fashion. Here, we used NMR to deduce the role of Miz-1 ZFs 1–4 in detecting the Miz-1 consensus sequence and preventing nonspecific DNA binding. In the construct containing the first 4 ZFs, we observed that ZFs 3 and 4 form an unusual compact and stable structure that restricts their motions. Disruption of this compact structure by an electrostatically mismatched A86K mutation profoundly affected the DNA binding properties of the WT construct. On the one hand, Miz1–4 WT was found to bind the Miz-1 DNA consensus sequence weakly and through ZFs 1–3 only. On the other hand, the four ZFs in the structurally destabilized Miz1–4 A86K mutant bound to the DNA consensus with a 30-fold increase in affinity (100 nm). The formation of such a thermodynamically stable but nonspecific complex is expected to slow down the rate of DNA scanning by Miz-1 during the search for its consensus sequence. Interestingly, we found that the motif stabilizing the compact structure between ZFs 3 and 4 is conserved and enriched in other long poly-ZF proteins. As discussed in detail, our findings support a general role of compact inter-ZF structures in minimizing the formation of off-target DNA complexes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".