Changes in cladoceran assemblages from tropical high mountain lakes during periods of recent climate change
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Andes Mountain range of South America is one of the most rapidly warming regions in the world. Alpine lakes from Cajas National Park (Ecuador) have shown evidence of increased thermal stratification and associated shifts in algal communities in recent decades, consistent with regionally warmer air temperatures and reduced wind speeds. Here, we use paleolimnological approaches to examine the impacts of recent climate change on Cladocera (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in three equatorial alpine lakes. Each lake experienced a shift in abundance from the small pelagic grazer Bosmina spp. to larger Daphnia spp. In two of the lakes, Daphnia spp. increased from an average of ~5 to 35–40% relative abundance within the last ~20 years. Meanwhile, in the third lake, Daphnia spp. increased to ~50% relative abundance in the ~1970s, but subsequently declined to background levels within the following decade. We show that cladoceran assemblages have undergone marked shifts during a period of rapid climate change in this region, but unlike comparable work on algal indictors, the response has been more complicated. We conclude that climate is likely affecting these keystone aquatic invertebrates, and may begin to impact higher level predators such as fish, which often rely on cladocerans as a food source.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".