Bibliographic record
Abstract
Worms and WomenInfection with Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), and Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworms)-collectively referred to as the soiltransmitted helminths (STHs)-are among the most prevalent infections of humankind, cooccurring on all inhabited continents [1].Those most vulnerable, who reside in endemic areas where adverse health, social, and economic conditions predominate, carry the greatest STHattributable disease burden [2].STHs contribute to malnutrition through blood loss, iron deficiency anemia, and nutrient malabsorption [3].STHs have been linked to impaired growth, cognitive deficits, lower educational achievement, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood [4], thus perpetuating the cycle of poverty into future generations.Periodic preventive chemotherapy (PC) with anthelminthic drugs (i.e., deworming) is the cornerstone of prevention and control measures against STH infections in highly endemic areas [2].The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that PC programs target the three groups at highest risk of infection: school-aged children (SAC), preschool-aged children (pre-SAC), and women of reproductive age (WRA).The WHO Preventive Chemotherapy Databank reports on deworming coverage for SAC and pre-SAC; however, no coverage estimates are available for deworming in WRA, and few countries include this risk group among deworming activities.In fact, the disease burden of STHs in WRA is largely unknown.In sub-Saharan Africa alone, it has been estimated that almost 40 million WRA are infected with hookworm, including more than a quarter of pregnant women (26.7%) [5].Here, we discuss the need for including WRA in large-scale national deworming programs as a means of improving their own health, the health of their children, and as a strategy to complement global strategic plans for STH control. Current Deworming Strategies and 2020 TargetsIn 2012, WHO proposed a strategic plan to eliminate STHs as a public health problem in children by 2020 [2].Specific targets include at least 75% coverage of PC in SAC and pre-SAC living in endemic areas.However, recent predictive modelling suggests that current PC efforts targeting children may not be sufficient to meet the 2020 goal of controlling STHs without improving coverage and including WRA, particularly in regions where hookworm infection predominates [6].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".