Unified Mechanism for the Generation of Isolated and Clustered DNA Damages by a Single Low Energy (5–10 eV) Electron
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clustered DNA damages are the most detrimental modifications induced by ionizing radiation in cells and several mechanisms have been proposed for their formation. We report measurements of such damages induced by a single low energy electron via the formation of the two major core-excited resonances of DNA located at 4.6 and 9.6 eV. Cross-links and single and double strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs) are analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Treatment of irradiated samples with Esherichia coli base excision repair endonucleases reveals base damages (BDs). DSBs resulting from such treatments arise from clustered damages consisting of at least two BDs or one BD accompanied by a SSB. The total DNA damages induced by 4.6 and 9.6 eV electrons are 132 ± 32 and 201 ± 36 × 10 –15 electron –1 molecule –1, comprising 43% and 52% BDs, respectively. We propose a unifying mechanism to account for these clustered damages, DSBs, and single BDs, as well as all previously measured isolated lesions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".