First documented large-scale horizontal movements of individual Arctic cod (<i>Boreogadus saida</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) are a key component of the Arctic marine ecosystem. Understanding their movements and distribution is important for predicting future trends in response to climate change. It was commonly assumed that Arctic cod move horizontally throughout the Arctic, but this was so far unproven. In July 2012, 85 Arctic cod were implanted with acoustic transmitters at Resolute Bay, Nunavut, Canada. Five (5.9%) were subsequently detected ∼192 km due east along the Barrow Strait, between 67 and 215 days after last detection in Resolute Bay (mean ± SE = 161.4 ± 26.7 days). Minimum transition rates ranged between 0.89 and 2.87 km·day−1 (mean ± SE = 1.4 ± 0.4 km·day−1). A combination of factors, most notably sea ice extent, make it highly improbable that the detections were representative of predated or scavenged Arctic cod. This represents the first confirmed account of large-scale horizontal movements by this or any Arctic forage fish species. With continuing miniaturization of acoustic telemetry tags, increasing battery life, and expanded receiver coverage, it will be possible to gain a more comprehensive understanding of Arctic cod movements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".