Preparation and characterization of graphite oxide nano‐reinforced biocomposites from chicken feather keratin
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Natural polymers have gained increased attention in reducing the dependence on petroleum‐based materials. Chicken feather proteins are an abundant industrial by‐product suitable for the fabrication of sustainable thermoplastics. However, protein‐based plastics generally exhibit poor physical and thermal properties which limit their application. In this research, the fabrication of feather keratin based nano‐reinforced biocomposites by the addition of graphite oxide ( GO ) in a reactive extrusion system were investigated . The effects of GO carbon/oxygen ratio (C/O, 2.48, 2.07, and 1.55) and concentration (0.5–2%) of the selected GO on the conformational, physical and thermal properties of thermoplastic films were investigated. RESULTS Chicken feather– GO nanocomposites were successfully prepared at 150 °C in the reactive extrusion system. Tensile strength and Young modulus of chicken feather plastic films were significantly increased without affecting their elongation using low GO concentrations (0.5 to 1.5% w/w of protein). Our results suggest that higher content of hydroxyl groups and increased graphene interlayer space in GO facilitated interactions with feather keratin and plasticizers. CONCLUSIONS Graphite oxide proved to be an inexpensive alternative to graphene for the reinforcement of protein based composites. Extrusion provided a cost‐effective and environment‐friendly method for the processing of sustainable composites. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it