STR-969: SEISMIC DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR STEEL MULTI-TIERED CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES BEYOND CSA S16 LIMIT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steel Multi-Tiered Braced Frames (MT-BFs) generally represents a more practical and cost-effective solution in tall single storey steel buildings such as airplane hangars, recreational buildings or convention centers. Special seismic design requirements including column design for in-plane and out-of-plane flexural demands have been introduced for MT-BFs in the Canadian steel design standard CSA S16. In the current CSA S16, MT-BFs are also limited to three and five tiers, respectively, for Type MD (moderately ductile) and Type LD (limited ductility) braced frame categories. In this paper, a 4-tiered Type MD braced frame, exceeding the 3-tier height limit, is designed with explicit consideration of the propagation of brace tension yielding along the frame height. The design is also performed neglecting the flexural demands in the columns. The seismic response of both frames is investigated though nonlinear dynamic analysis. In-plane flexural bending demands on MT-BF columns can be properly predicted by the proposed design and inelastic deformations can properly distribute along the frame height when yielding is triggered in more than one tier. Column buckling occurred when bending moments were omitted in design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".