Use of OP-1 (rhBMP-7) in posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Posterolateral fusion is a common treatment for lumbar spondylolisthesis (1). Most often, autologous bone from the iliac crest is used for arthrodesis. However, failure of fusion remains a common complication following this procedure (2-4). In addition to pseudoarthrosis, another concern is donor site morbidity related to iliac bone graft harvest, which may complicate as many as 25% of cases (5-7). There has hence been interest in the development and use of bioactive molecules capable of inducing bone regeneration in hopes of achieving higher fusion rates, while also avoiding the morbidity of autograft harvest. Marshall Urist in 1965 identified proteins from bone matrix responsible for ectopic bone formation, later termed bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) (8). BMPs exert an osteoinductive effect by stimulating differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into mineral-depositing osteoblasts (9,10). Further efforts led to cloning of BMP-2 and BMP-7 (OP-1), members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, and expression of recombinant human forms of these proteins (11,12). Both rhBMP-2 and rhOP-1 demonstrated efficacy in inducing bone formation in preclinical animal studies, which has spurred clinical investigation of their efficacy as bone graft substitute (13-16). Moreover, other investigators have suggested that BMPs, including OP-1, may show promise in promoting fusion in patients with high-risk adverse medical conditions (17).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".