A Synthetic, X‐ray, NMR Spectroscopy and DFT Study of β‐Naphthil Dihydrazone, Di(β‐naphthyl)acetylene, Tetra(β‐naphthyl)cyclopentadienone, and Hexa(β‐naphthyl)‐benzene: C<sub>6</sub>(C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>7</sub>)<sub>6</sub> Is a Disordered Molecular Propeller
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Treatment of β‐naphthil dihydrazone, 1 , with silver oxide yields di(β‐naphthyl)acetylene, 2 , which undergoes Diels–Alder cycloaddition with tetra(β‐naphthyl)cyclopentadienone, 4 , to give hexa(β‐naphthyl)benzene, 5 , upon decarbonylation. Molecules 1 , 2 and 4 have been characterised by X‐ray crystallography, but hexa(β‐naphthyl)benzene exhibits rotational disorder of the peripheral substituents. Nevertheless, calculations at the density functional level reveal the favoured structure of 5 to be a molecular propeller, in which the eight possible rotamers are essentially iso‐energetic. Variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy studies yield a naphthyl rotational barrier of approximately 17 kcal mol −1 , similar to that previously found for meta ‐substituted phenyl groups. Enantiomerisation of hexa(β‐naphthyl)benzene engendered by rotation of a single naphthyl ring has been studied by DFT calculations, and the process has been represented pictorially.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it