Dual mycorrhizal symbiosis: an asset for eucalypts out of Australia?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dual symbiotic habit of the genus Eucalyptus is well documented: while arbuscular mycorrhizae are always dominant in seedlings and young trees, they are replaced by ectomycorrhizae in older trees. Here, the mycorrhizal status of eucalypts of different ages was assessed over the year in three plantations in the humid Mediterranean climate zone of Algeria (using morphological, anatomical, and histological criteria) and quantified in the dry and wet seasons over three years (using the grid-line intersect method of Giovannetti and Mosse (1980, New Phytol. 84: 489–500, doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04556.x ) on randomized fine root segments). Unexpectedly, the results revealed the persistence of arbuscular mycorrhizae in old trees and their dominance over ectomycorrhizae during the dry season, while the opposite pattern was observed in the wet season. Composite mycorrhizae displaying intimately mixed arbuscular mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae anatomical structures also occurred and were more frequent during the dry season. Eucalypts were clearly able to form a wide diversity of symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi locally associated with native trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. Therefore, the mycorrhizal status should not be a limiting factor to the silviculture of eucalypts in this area of Algeria because the dual symbiotic habit provides complementary benefits in a poor soil and in an alien environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".