The urban green space provision using the standards approach: issues and challenges of its implementation in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Standards approach is conventionally used to attain consistency and certainty in urban green space planning.It has been widely used in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia since 1920.However, in 1970s, the standards approach received wide criticism and some questioned the relevancy of the approach in high density cities.Most of the local authorities that faced development pressures often failed to achieve the standards due to limited urban spaces and land scarcity.In Malaysia, the National Urbanization Policy has set the standards of 2 hectares per 1000 population by the year 2020.However, due to high urbanization rate and increased densification, some cities, particularly Kuala Lumpur and Penang, are facing difficulties in achieving the target specified in the policy.Therefore, this paper attempts to review the broad literature on the implementation of urban green space provision using the standards approach, the issues and challenges of its implementation in urban green space planning from Malaysian perspectives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".