25 years of the professional partnership (P<sup>2</sup>) form: time to foreground its social purpose and herald the P<sup>3</sup>?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
All academic papers are a product of the intellectual context of their conception, and the P2 paper (Greenwood, Hinings & Brown,1990) was no exception. The overarching goal at the time was to develop a theory of ‘organizations’ and the P2 paper sought to recognize a form or type of organization that had been ignored – namely, the “professional partnership”. Our aim in this essay is to reflect on the 25 years of Professional Service Firm (PSF) scholarship since that paper was published. The central point is that the original P2 paper missed an essential feature of these organizations – their social purpose. This third ‘P’, we argue, should be front and centre of future research en route to a P3 model of professional partnerships.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".