Structures and dynamics of microparticles in suspension studied using ultrasound scattering techniques
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ultrasonic waves are widely employed in medical diagnosis and non‐destructive testing to observe the condition of fetuses and to study non‐transparent materials, respectively. Although ultrasonic waves are mostly applied to relatively large‐scale structures, megahertz ultrasound has been utilized to investigate the microstructure of particulate matter and the local dynamics of soft matter. More recently, due to the development of high‐speed recording technology with large memory storage and sophisticated techniques employing scattered amplitude and phase, analyses of the dynamics as well as the structures of highly turbid suspensions are possible for a wide range of concentrations and particle sizes (several tens of nanometers to several tens of micrometers) using new routes. The technology could simultaneously allow the investigation of complex dynamics involving the Brownian motion of nanoparticles and sedimentation due to the formation of large aggregates. The advantages of using ultrasound are not only the applicability to optically turbid systems but also the wave characteristics related to mechanical (viscoelastic) information, allowing one to evaluate the elastic moduli of particular components, e.g. the elastic shell of a microcapsule immersed in liquid without dilution or drying of the sample. In this paper, the recent developments of novel ultrasound techniques for soft matter characterization are reviewed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it