Increased bacterial endophyte populations in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> with a branched‐chain alkane mixture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if treatment of soil with a branched‐chain alkane mixture known to induce resistance against Colletotrichum orbiculare also changes populations of bacterial endophytes from Nicotiana benthamiana . Eight culturable bacterial endophyte types matching six species of Bacillus and two species of Pseudomonas were found in roots, stem + petioles and/or leaves. Application of the branched‐chain alkane mixture resulted in significantly higher endophyte populations compared to the water or emulsifier controls for the Pseudomonas sp. LW3, Bacillus simplex LW4 and Bacillus pumilis LW5 colony types in roots and the B. simplex LW4 colony type in stem + petioles. The Pseudomonas sp. LW3 and B. simplex LW4 colony types also had higher populations in pure cultures under in vitro conditions with the branched‐chain alkane mixture compared to the controls. Inoculation with each of the eight colony types increased their population in the plant and induced resistance against C. orbiculare , with the most effective being Pseudomonas sp. LW3 and Pseudomonas alcaligenes SW1. Most of the endophytes could inhibit C. orbiculare growth in vitro , but the level of resistance in planta was not correlated to the ability of the colony type to inhibit C. orbiculare in culture. Thus, a branched‐chain alkane mixture can selectively affect the biomass of a subset of bacterial endophytes, demonstrating that it is a novel in planta endophyte growth promoter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".