O GLOBAL E O PARTICULAR: UMA LEITURA ESPACIAL DE ELES ERAM MUITOS CAVALOS, DE LUIZ RUFFATO
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resumo: Eles eram muitos cavalos (2001), de Luiz Ruffato, e um romance estruturado em vinhetas, que apresenta diferentes historias, generos e narrativas. Neste artigo, afirmo que a obra rompe com a linearidade geografica na sua descricao de uma Sao Paulo com dimensoes ao mesmo tempo locais e globais. Assim, convida um publico hoje transnacional a multiplas leituras e interpretacoes, atraves de suas micronarrativas e personagens de diversas procedencias. Essa obra de Ruffato desafia a divisao global-local e um discurso de globalizacao frequentemente homogeneizante, colocando esses dois parâmetros espaciais-temporais em dialogo no âmbito da cidade. Por isso, teoricos como David Harvey, Saskia Sassen e Fredric Jameson contribuem para esta analise, em que se expoe a mescla textual do romance, os recursos visuais que o caracterizam e sua relacao com a pos-modernidade global do seculo XXI. Poe-se em evidencia, portanto, o universo polifonico de vozes da obra, suas referencias a produtos globais assim como a cultura popular, alem de suas particularidades locais. A manipulacao temporal tambem e destacada, ja que distorce presente, passado e futuro, conectando-se a producao cultural pos-modernista. Palavras-chave: Luiz Ruffato; globalizacao; transnacionalidade; romance pos-moderno; representacao da cidade. Abstract: Eles eram muitos cavalos (2001), by Luiz Ruffato, is a novel structured in vignettes that allows for many interpretations, unconfined by a singular story, genre or narrative. In this article, I argue that the novel disrupts geographic linearity in its depiction of a Sao Paulo that is simultaneously global and local. It invites multiple readings and interpretations to its now transnational audience, through the work's use of micro-narratives and its depiction of protagonists of diverse backgrounds. The work challenges the global-local divide of a frequently homogenizing globalization discourse, placing these time-space parameters in dialogue in the framework of the city. Theorists such as David Harvey, Saskia Sassen and Fredric Jameson contribute to this analysis, as the work's textual melange and its visual nature place it in dialogue with 21st century postmodernity. The work's polyphonic voices and references to global artifacts and popular culture extend beyond local particularities. Finally, this article stresses the novel's varied treatment of time and examines how it distorts present, past and future, further situating it into the theoretical framework of postmodernity. Keywords: Luiz Ruffato; globalization; transnationality; postmodern novel; representation of cities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".