Bibliographic record
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common source of neurological injury in civilian and military populations.In addition to neurological damage associated with the primary impact, brain regions neuroanatomically connected to the site of impact can undergo anterograde, retrograde and trans-synaptic degeneration, termed diaschisis.We used controlled cortical impact in mice to model human TBI.Local injury was associated with distal diaschisis lesions that developed in brain regions anatomically connected to the injured cortex.7 days after injury, histochemistry documented broadly distributed lesions particularly in the contralateral cortex and ipsilateral thalamus and striatum.Astrocytosis and microgliosis were noted in several neural pathways that also showed silver-stained cell processes and bodies.Contralateral cortical silver positive diaschisis lesions exhibited loss of both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament staining but overall preservation of MAP-2 staining.Thalamic lesions showed loss of MAP-2 and non-phosphorylated neurofilament along with moderate loss of phosphorylated neurofilament.One animal demonstrated contralateral cerebellar degeneration at 7 days post injury.21 days after injury, gliosis had quelled, however persistent silver staining was observed.Using a serial section technique, we were able to perform electron microscopy on regions characterized at the light microscopy level.Cell bodies and processes silver positive at the light microscopy level showed hydropic disintegration consisting of: loss of nuclear heterochromatin; dilated somal and neuritic processes with a paucity of subcellular organelles and increased numbers of electron dense membranous structures.The cell membrane itself was still intact 21 days after injury.The full biochemical nature of diaschisis lesions may help decipher the etiology of other neurodegenerative disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".