Effect of the Moisture Content in Coal on the Pyrolysis Behavior in an Indirectly Heated Fixed-Bed Reactor with Internals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fixed-bed reactor with internals has been proposed to enhance the pyrolysis performance for coal. In this study, the pyrolysis behavior of different coal moisture contents and the reaction mechanism were investigated in an indirectly heated fixed-bed reactor with internals. The results showed that, at a furnace temperature of 900 °C, the increased coal moisture content went from 0.41 to 11.68 wt % and significantly modified the temperature fields, thereby prolonging the pyrolysis time to reach 500 °C and then enhancing the condensation and trapping of the coal at the bed center. Therefore, the tar yield and light tar content were raised from 9.21 and 63.7 wt % to 10.74 and 64.5 wt %, respectively. However, when the coal moisture content exceeded 16.77 wt %, the tar yield and light tar content decreased to 8.55 and 62.0 wt %, respectively. In addition, the higher heating value (HHV) of char with internals was dramatically higher than that without internals, and the char HHV in the reactor with internals rose primarily and then decreased with the increase in the coal moisture; meanwhile, its fixed carbon content of char showed an increase, followed by a decline. In contrast, the pyrolysis products varied slightly in the reactor without internals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".