Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS) in Children: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Validity of Outcome Measures, and Prognostic Factors.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract 2978 Poster Board II-949 BACKGROUND: Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a condition of chronic venous insufficiency following deep venous thrombosis (DVT) that affects both adults and children. Nevertheless, investigation of PTS in children has lagged behind that in adults. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review was undertaken to summarize evidence from the pediatric literature on the prevalence of PTS, the validity of proposed measures of PTS, and prognostic factors for PTS in children. METHODS: A comprehensive Medline search was performed employing the following terms: “[pediatric OR children] AND [post-thrombotic syndrome OR post-phlebitic syndrome]”. Single case reports, narrative reviews, and commentaries were excluded. RESULTS: Seven case series and cross-sectional studies, nine registries and cohort studies, and one uncontrolled clinical trial were identified that met inclusion criteria; these studies reported on a total of 1316 children with DVT (Table 1). The prevalence of PTS differed substantially between observational and non-observational studies: 15% of 1042 children versus 46% of 274 children, respectively. No pediatric studies have evaluated quality of life (QOL) associated with PTS. Two reports from a single-institutional cohort have identified elevated levels of factor VIII and D-dimer and non-use of thrombolytic therapies as potentially prognostic of PTS in children, particularly among those with veno-occlusive thrombi; these are the only reports employing a PTS outcome measure that has been validated in children (the Manco-Johnson instrument). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, high-quality evidence on pediatric PTS is lacking. Collaborative prospective cohort studies and trials that use validated measures of pediatric PTS are needed to assess the incidence of, prognostic factors for, and QOL impact of PTS in children. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.041 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".