Compacted Clay: Difficulties Obtaining Good Laboratory Permeability Tests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Testing the permeability of compacted clay is not easy. The hydraulic conductivity, k(Sr), depends upon porosity nc and degree of saturation Src after compaction, and the values reached during the permeability test, ncf and Srf. The four values are needed to predict k(Sr) using a dual-porosity model with two parameters, a and b. However, many published test reports do not give these four values. The tested clay is often unsaturated, and the measured k(Sr < 100 %) may be confused with its saturated value, ksat, whereas it may be one to three orders of magnitude lower than ksat. This, in turn, may lead a designer to poorly predict the total leakage of a lined cell or lagoon. For fully documented test data, parameter a is between 0.001 and 0.1 and parameter b is between 2.7 and 3.3 (around 3 for a perfect cubic law). Once the values of a and b have been found with correctly performed and fully documented tests, a local k(Sr) value can be predicted at each place the field density and Src have been assessed. This yields many predicted local k(Sr) values, which can then be used with statistics to predict the full- or large-scale hydraulic conductivity and leakage of a liner or cover.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".