Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although the human hip is commonly thought to be a ball-and-socket joint, recent 3D studies suggest that the hip translates as well as rotates. This is of interest not only for biomechanics but also clinically, because hip translation may be important to physiotherapy and to computer-assisted surgery for total hip replacement. Previous 3D studies have evaluated hip kinematics as well as morphology by CT, MRI and surgical intervention. A minimally invasive, inexpensive, and accurate way of measuring hip shape and motion may be useful in basic science and clinical application. This work used prototype software to quantify planar hip morphology and kinematics from plain 2D radiographs. Ellipses were fit to the articular contours of the femoral head and acetabulum of plain 2D radiographs of arthritic and dysplastic patients. The prototype software was validated in a study performed by three board-certified orthopedic surgeons. It was found to be efficient and reliable, taking less than one minute to quantify planar hip morphology and having no statistical difference between the observers. The prototype software was used in a clinical study to quantify planar hip kinematics. Preoperative AP pelvic radiographs were taken of 11 THA patients in 4 different positions. The semi-automated fits detected a mean femoral head translation of 3.42mm, with no discernible directional pattern. Every one of these arthritic patients exhibited substantial planar hip translation. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hip morphology and kinematics can be quantified from plain 2D radiographs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".