Foaming behavior of microcellular poly(lactic acid)/TPU composites in supercritical CO <sub>2</sub>
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents the effects of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) on the crystallization and melt strength of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and on the enhancement of cell nucleation and expansion ratio to manufacture microcellular thermoplastic PLA foams in supercritical carbon dioxide. Addition of TPU increased the crystallinity and decreased the crystallite size as observed by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscope. The formed crystal domains worked as cross-linking points to increase the melt strength of a polymer that potentially affected the cell growth. Scanning electron microscope confirmed the immiscibility between PLA and TPU, and TPU was dispersed as islands in the PLA matrix. This phase morphology further influenced the cell structure of the PLA/TPU foams. TPU acted as a nucleating agent to enhance heterogeneous cell nucleation that is caused by the decrease in free energy barrier. Tensile stress that generated around the TPU and in some local regions surrounding the crystals and crystallization was dominant to induce cell nucleation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it