Neuropsychiatric symptoms and PET imaging characteristics in patients with Parkinson-plus syndromes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To explore the neuropsychiatric symptoms and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET imaging features of Parkinson-plus syndromes. Methods There were 8 patients with probable Parkinson-plus syndromes, including one case of multiple system atrophy-cerebellar predominant (MSA-C), 4 cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), one case of corticobasal ganglionic degeneration (CBD) and 2 cases of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate cognitive function, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to evaluate neuropsychiatric behaviors, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21 Items (HAMD-21) was used to evaluate the emotional state of patients. Results One MSA-C patient showed only anxiety. Four PSP patients showed different degrees of cognitive disorders, of whom 3 cases also presented obvious depression, anxiety, irritability and sleep disorders. One case of CBD showed dysfunction in executive function, visual spatial ability, verbal function, attention and orientation, as well as depression, anxiety, irritability and sleep disorders. Two cases of DLB were found unable to copy pentagon in MMSE chart or draw a circle in Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and they also presented hallucination, depression and indifference. As for the result of 18F-FDG PET, one MSA-C patient showed cerebellarglucose hypometabolism; 4 PSP patients showed hypometabolism in bilateral symmetrical frontal lobes, anterior cingulate gyrus and parietal lobe, especially in thalamus, basal ganglia region and brain stem; one case of CBD showed hypometabolism in right lateral fronto-temporo-parieto-occipital lobes, left lateral parietal lobe, bilateral cingulate gyri and precuneus; 2 cases of DLB showed hypometabolism in bilateral temporo-occipital lobes. Conclusions Patients with early Parkinson-plus syndromes are easily misdiagnosed as mental illness and delayed treatment, in addition, their movement disorders and extrapyramidal symptoms would be aggravated due to misusage of sedative hypnotic drugs. Neuropsychological changes are found closely related to cognitive dysfunction. PET imaging has important clinical values to early diagnosis of Parkinson-plus syndromes. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.01.008
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".