Characterization of Strength and Stiffness Parameters of Clayey Soil Partially Replaced with Plastic Granules
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: In the present study, recycled plastic granules that are available as a raw material to plastic industries are utilized to investigate their role in influencing the shear strength and stiffness parameters of the clayey soil. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Undrained Tri-axial tests are performed on various samples of clayey soil that are partially replaced with recycled plastic granules at different percentages (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%) by the weight of dry soil. Findings: Plastics contribute major portion of waste generated by human civilization. As these materials are non-biodegradable, they have considerable life and huge potential in providing solutions to complex engineering problems. In geotechnical engineering applications, researchers are motivated to use plastic wastes either as an alternative to or as a partial replacement of the conventional materials. The experimental results have clearly shown a significant improvement in the shear strength parameter cohesion (c) parameter although there was some compromise on the other parameter angle of internal friction (φ) of the soil – plastic granules mixtures. Application/Improvements: Bearing capacity and slope stability can be improved by adding plastic granules in clayey soil. 1. Introduction Geotechnical engineering problems, such as, bearing capacity of shallow footing, stability of slopes or embankments, etc., are dependent up on the shear strength parameters of the soil, i.e., cohesion (c) and angle of internal friction (φ) and thus the improvement in shear strength of soil requires improvement in these parameters. Researchers suggest different approaches and techniques for improving the engineering properties of soil through various ground improvement methods available in literature1–4. In recent years, use of plastic waste in geotechnical engineering applications has gained considerable popularity and provided many useful practical solutions to the unending engineering.Keywords: Plastic Granules, Stiffness, Strength, Tri-Axial Test
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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