The role of trust in the internationalisation of knowledge-intensive small and medium enterprises
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the internationalisation of knowledge-intensive SMEs, or KI-SMEs, trust can play a significant role in facilitating the introduction of these SMEs to a complex constellation of networks and relationships. This study of four contrasting cases, two from Quebec and two from Bogota, takes an in-depth look at the role of trust in their internationalisation processes. Results emphasise the primary role of trust in all of its forms: interpersonal, interorganisational, institutional and competence-based. All KI-SMEs used trust to gain legitimacy in new markets. Certain disparities have been identified. Firms from 'low-trust societies' (Colombia) privileged a gradual process of legitimacy-building based on certified competencies, successful experiences and the establishment of interpersonal trust relationships at the international level. Entrepreneurs from 'high-trust societies' (Canada) tended to rely on experts to help them more rapidly gain legitimacy in international markets. The path to internationalisation was even longer for young, inexperienced entrepreneurs, notwithstanding their origin and is industry driven.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it