Sex differential association of dermatomyositis with Sjögren syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although dermatomyositis and Sjögren syndrome share serologic autoantibodies and genetic polymorphisms, population data about the incidence of Sjögren syndrome in patients with dermatomyositis is unavailable. We performed a nationwide cohort study to explore the potential relation between dermatomyositis and Sjögren syndrome and, if an association exists, to elucidate whether it varies by sex. METHODS: We identified all patients with newly diagnosed dermatomyositis from the Registry of Catastrophic Illness Database in Taiwan between Jan. 1, 1998, and Dec. 31, 2011. Each patient was matched to, at most, 5 control patients from the National Health Insurance Research Database by age, sex and entry date. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of Sjögren syndrome after adjusting for age, sex, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. RESULTS: A total of 1602 patients with dermatomyositis and 7981 control patients were enrolled in the study. There was a positive association of having Sjögren syndrome among patients with dermatomyositis after adjusting for age, sex, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis (HR 2.67, 95% CI 2.01-3.54). The association was more pronounced in the male cohort (HR 2.69, 95% CI 1.19-6.09). INTERPRETATION: We found a sex differential association of Sjögren syndrome among patients with dermatomyositis independent of age and concomitant autoimmune disease. Further studies are required to determine the clinical importance of this association for both outcomes and therapeutic options.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".