A Comparative Study of Identity Styles, Quality of Life and Behavioral Problems between Single Parent and Two Parent Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate identity styles, quality of life and behavioral difficulties between adolescents with single and two-parent status. In this causal- comparative study, a total of 214 high school students were selected, then 112 single parent students (59 females and 53 males) were selected by the voluntary response sampling method. Also, 112 students with two parent status were randomly selected. Identity styles Inventory (Bennion & Adams, 1986), quality of life questionnaire and Achenbach Youth Self-Report (YSR) were administered. Analysis of variance and t-test for independent groups were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that in terms of moratorium and Identity diffusion there is no significant difference between single parent and two parent adolescents but there was significant difference in terms of Identity achieved and foreclosure. Single parent adolescents had more Identity achieved and two parent adolescents had more foreclosure. Additionally, the comparisons of quality of life components between these two groups showed that the groups had no significant difference in any of the following measures of the quality of life (e.g., physical health, psychological, social relationships and environmental domains). Finally, the findings showed that there was significant difference between the two groups in terms of behavioral problems. The study showed that single parent adolescents are more anxious/depressive than their two parent peers. This research has some implications for the future studies on investigating the role of family structure in adolescents’ psychological status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".