Suicide risk and sexual orientation – International and Austrian Evidence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Many international studies have reported higher rates of suicide related behavior for sexual minority individuals, compared to heterosexuals. Early studies have been questioned for methodological reasons, but more recent research has overcome most of the limitations and in the past 10 years several Austrian studies have been published. The goal of this presentation is to provide an overview of the national and international evidence by taking into account different dimensions of sexual orientation, gender, life-stages, geographic regions, and the quality of studies. Methods Studies listed in PubMed up to 2015 were systematically reviewed. To avoid potential bias, only studies were included that did not selectively recruit sexual minority individuals but used pre-specified, defined populations. Only studies with a heterosexual comparison group were included. Since the studies were too diverse for a meta-analytic aggregation, the effect-sizes were tabulated and described qualitatively. The results of the systematic review are compared with those from all existing Austrian studies. Results Nearly all studies reported elevated rates of suicide attempts and suicides in general or across sexual minority subgroups, in all dimensions of sexual orientation (behavior, attraction, identity), for both genders, age groups, regions, and in more recent studies. Most effects were large. The majority of studies reported larger sexual orientation differences for men than women. Studies of higher quality are in line with other studies. No population based Austrian studies exist, but the available evidence from convenience samples is comparable with international data. Conclusions This updated review of studies supports the proposition that sexual minority individuals are at increased risk for suicide and suicide attempts, nationally and internationally. Thus, sexual minority individuals should still be considered as target group for suicide preventive measures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.053 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.015 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".