Bibliographic record
Abstract
Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly. Approximately 175 cases of splenogonadal fusion have been reported. Awareness of this entity is essential for patient management. We report a case of discontinuous type of splenogonadal fusion, identified on orchiectomy. A short review of the literature is provided. Splenogonadal fusion is an abnormal connection/fusion between the spleen and the gonad. It manifests itself as a mass consisting of splenic and testicular or ovarian tissue. The diagnosis is rarely suspected preoperatively. Splenogonadal fusion has been classified into two types: continuous, where there is a direct connection between spleen and gonad; and discontinuous, where ectopic splenic tissue is attached to the gonad, but there is no connection to the spleen. Historically, several cases have been reported in which a testicular swelling, as in our case, has resulted in an unnecessary orchiectomy due to suspicion of a testicular neoplasm. We report a case of a 24-year-old man who presented with a left testicular mass. Clinical examination and additional diagnostic testing revealed a hypoechoic left testicular mass. Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone and α-fetoprotein levels were normal. Both the right testis and epididymis were unremarkable. A left orchiectomy was performed to reveal a well-defined encapsulated, “beefy” red mass measuring 3.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 cm. The mass was identified in close proximity to the rete testis. Histologic examination of the mass revealed a normal testicular tissue with an area of encapsulated splenic tissue. A diagnosis of splenogonadal fusion of the discontinuous type was made. In conclusion: splenogonadal fusion is indeed a rare condition. Being aware of it may eliminate unnecessary orchiectomy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".