Bibliographic record
Abstract
Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly. Approximately 175 cases of splenogonadal fusion have been reported. Awareness of this entity is essential for patient management. We report a case of discontinuous type of splenogonadal fusion, identified on orchiectomy. A short review of the literature is provided. Splenogonadal fusion is an abnormal connection/fusion between the spleen and the gonad. It manifests itself as a mass consisting of splenic and testicular or ovarian tissue. The diagnosis is rarely suspected preoperatively. Splenogonadal fusion has been classified into two types: continuous, where there is a direct connection between spleen and gonad; and discontinuous, where ectopic splenic tissue is attached to the gonad, but there is no connection to the spleen. Historically, several cases have been reported in which a testicular swelling, as in our case, has resulted in an unnecessary orchiectomy due to suspicion of a testicular neoplasm. We report a case of a 24-year-old man who presented with a left testicular mass. Clinical examination and additional diagnostic testing revealed a hypoechoic left testicular mass. Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone and α-fetoprotein levels were normal. Both the right testis and epididymis were unremarkable. A left orchiectomy was performed to reveal a well-defined encapsulated, “beefy” red mass measuring 3.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 cm. The mass was identified in close proximity to the rete testis. Histologic examination of the mass revealed a normal testicular tissue with an area of encapsulated splenic tissue. A diagnosis of splenogonadal fusion of the discontinuous type was made. In conclusion: splenogonadal fusion is indeed a rare condition. Being aware of it may eliminate unnecessary orchiectomy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".