Filtration-based enrichment of circulating tumor cells from all prostate cancer risk groups
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To combine circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation by filtration and immunohistochemistry to investigate the presence of CTCs in low, intermediate, and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). CTCs isolated from these risk groups stained positive for both cytokeratin and androgen receptors, but negative for CD45. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Blood samples from 41 biopsy confirmed patients with PCa at different clinical stages such as low, intermediate, and high risk were analyzed. The samples were processed with the ScreenCell filtration device and PCa CTCs were captured for all patients. The isolated CTCs were confirmed PCa CTCs by the presence of androgen receptors and cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19 that occurred in the absence of CD45 positivity. PCa CTC nuclear sizes were measured using the TeloView program. RESULTS: The filtration-based isolation method used permitted the measurement of the average nuclear size of the captured CTCs. CTCs were identified by immunohistochemistry in low, intermediate, and high-risk groups of patients with PCa. CONCLUSION: CTCs may be found in all stages of PCa. These CTCs can be used to determine the level of genomic instability at any stage of PCa; this will, in the future, enable personalized patient management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".