Psychosocial well-being, perceived loneliness and self-esteem among Finnish children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Psychosocial well-being in youth constitutes resources for later life careers. Of particular importance is self-esteem, partly developing in peer contacts. We tested a hypothesized path starting from a child’s ability to identify his/her feelings and going through social competence to self-esteem. Recent emphasis on connections between perceived loneliness, social skills, and self-esteem further led to studying loneliness as a link between social competence and self-esteem. Methods In total, 399 10–11-year-olds (rr 49%) and 863 13–16-year-olds (rr 64%) took part in a survey using a modified Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Multisource Assessment of Children’s Social Competence (MASK), a modified Peer Network and Dyadic Loneliness (PNDL) scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Summary variables were total TAS; MASK: co-operation skills, empathy, impulsiveness, disruptiveness; PNDL: social and emotional loneliness; total RSES (α: .666−.884). In SEM, RSEA was .037. Results TAS was associated with co-operation, empathy, impulsiveness, social loneliness, and RSES. Empathy was associated with both types of loneliness, and impulsiveness and disruptiveness with social loneliness. Co-operation, impulsiveness, and both types of loneliness were associated with RSES. The strongest indirect pathway mediated by loneliness involved TAS, social loneliness and RSES. Also, a path from TAS via empathy and social loneliness to RSES was frequent. Pathways slightly differed in models by gender and grade. Conclusions Based on a plausible hypothesis, poor recognition of feelings may start a path reducing chances for positive peer interaction and adding to social loneliness (no network), which adds to a probability of low self-esteem. Emotional loneliness (no close attachment) was of minor importance for self-esteem. The path directions should be debated, but activities are needed to promote recognition of feelings and participation in peer groups. Key messages Poor recognition of feelings may start a path reducing chances for positive peer interaction and adding to remaining outside social networks, which adds to a risk of poor self-esteem Activities should be developed, e.g. in schools, to promote psychosocial well-being and particularly, recognition of feelings and participation in peer groups
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".