Outcomes following stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with Child-Pugh B/C hepatocellular carcinoma.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
167 Background: Assessment of outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and Child-Pugh B or C liver function treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods: From 2004 – July 2012, 39 patients with HCC and Child-Pugh B/C liver function were treated with SBRT. Inclusion criteria included Child-Pugh B/C, treatment with SBRT, 5 to 15 fractions, and radical or palliative intent. Univariate analyses (UVA) were performed to assess relationships of patient demographics, liver function tests and treatment characteristics on overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP). Results: The majority of the 39 patients had Child-Pugh B7 liver function (69%), performance status ECOG 0-1 (82%), radiological evidence of tumor vascular thrombosis (62%) and hepatitis C as underlying liver disease (49%). 10 patients treated as bridge-to-transplant. The median dose was 3300 cGy in 6 fractions (range: 2000-4500 cGy in 5-15 fractions), individualized based on spared liver volume and underlying liver function. The median survival for all patients was 9.9 months (95% CI: 3.4-18.4). UVA demonstrated significantly reduced survival with Child-Pugh score > B7, baseline AFP > 1049 ng/mL (upper quartile) and gross tumor volume > 93 cm3. The median survival of patients treated with SBRT as a bridge-to-transplant versus the non-bridge-to–transplant patients was 30.7 months (95% CI: 0.6-not reached) versus 7.9 months (95% CI: 3.4-15.1; p=0.008). No HCC tumors treated with SBRT demonstrated local progression during the follow-up time. The median TTP for all patients was 18.8 months (95% CI: 6.2-not reached). Model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score > 12 was the only factor associated with reduced TTP on UVA. 31% of patients had a decline in Child-Pugh score by 2 or more points at 3 months. No acute treatment related toxicities of grade 3 or higher were reported. Conclusions: SBRT may be considered as a treatment option for HCC with impaired liver function. Survival is best in patients who are treated as a bridge-to-transplant, have smaller tumors, are Child-Pugh class B7, and have lower AFP levels. Randomized trials of radiation therapy in HCC patients with impaired liver function are warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".