Use of cytological samples of metastatic melanoma for ancillary studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is widely used in the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma, both at initial presentation and in the setting of recurrent disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of confirmatory immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular analysis of the BRAF mutation in cytological preparations of metastatic melanoma. METHODS: A 2-year retrospective review of pathology reports was performed on cytological samples of metastatic melanoma at the University Health Network (Toronto, Canada) and the Santa Casa Medical School (Sao Paulo, Brazil). IHC was performed on cell block sections prepared from formalin-fixed, fresh samples or residuum of CytoLyt/PreservCyt post-fixed in formalin. BRAF V600E/K mutations were assessed by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) analysis. RESULTS: A total of 104 samples (94 FNAs and 10 fluids) from 83 patients (20 women, 63 men) were included. IHC was attempted in 43 cases (41.3%) and successful in 41 (95.3%). The panel number of antibodies ranged from 1 to 15 (median 3). The most frequently used melanoma markers included HMB-45, melanoma cocktail and S100 protein, used in 25 (58.1%), 23 (53.5%) and 18 samples (41.9%). Thirty cases (69.8%) used three or fewer markers. The BRAF V600E/K mutation was tested in eight samples, being successful in seven (87.5%) and positive in three (37.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Cytological samples are a reliable and sufficient source for IHC and subsequent molecular analysis, allowing a reduced diagnostic time and rapid, appropriate treatment options in patients with advanced melanoma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".