Sonication and Microwave-Assisted Primary Amination of Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates and Phenylboronic Acids under Metal-Free Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The transition-metal-free generation of a series of primary arylamines from potassium aryltrifluoroborates and phenylboronic acids is reported. The method uses a mild, inexpensive source of nitrogen (hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid) in cooperation with aqueous sodium hydroxide in acetonitrile. Both a sonication and a microwave-assisted method were developed, which are capable of converting ArBF3K functionalities into primary arylamines (ArNH2) in isolated yields of up to 78% (10 examples for each method). This report represents the first general method for the conversion of aryltrifluoroborates into primary arylamines under mild, transition-metal-free conditions in moderate to very good yields. The method is applicable to a wide array of substrates containing electron-donating, electron-neutral, or electron-withdrawing substituents. Both the sonication and microwave methods were also applied to the generation of anilines from phenylboronic acids in isolated yields of up to 96% (12 examples for each method) that were superior to existing room temperature methods in terms of yield, while also offering much shorter reaction times (15 min vs 16 h). In particular, the microwave method is the first to allow for the conversion of arylboronic acids containing strongly electron-withdrawing substituents into the corresponding anilines in good yields, along with electron-donating substituents in very good to excellent yields.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".