Allopolyploid origin of the leafy liverwort Plagiochila britannica (Plagiochilaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Allopolyploidy is an important mode of speciation in angiosperms, ferns and mosses, but has been considered of little importance in liverworts. The few known examples include taxa of the simple thalloid genus Pellia, the complex thalloid genera Corsinia, Reboulia and Targionia and the leafy liverworts Barbilophozia, Calypogeia and Porella. The diploid Plagiochila britannica has alternatively been considered an autopolyploid derivative of Plagiochila porelloides or an allopolyploid of Plagiochila asplenioides and P. porelloides; however, experimental evidence is still lacking. Here we present phylogenetic analyses of the P. asplenioides-P. britannica-P. porelloides complex based on a sampling of 37 accessions and plastid DNA rps4 and rbcL and nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences. Plastid DNA sequences of four accessions of P. britannica cluster with P. asplenioides, whereas nrITS sequences of P. britannica cluster with P. porelloides. We thus conclude that P. britannica is an allopolyploid hybrid of P. asplenioides and P. porelloides, with P. asplenioides the probable donor of the plastome and P. porelloides of the nuclear DNA. Contrary to earlier belief, P. britannica is not closely related to Plagiochila arctica. European and North American accessions of P. porelloides form sister lineages. A putative accession of P. asplenioides from Canada forms a separate lineage and may represent another taxon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".