Phased array antennas simulation using method of moments and ray tracing techniques and comparison with measurement
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we show the techniques to calculate the radiation patterns of multi-panel microstrip antenna arrays and compare the results with boresight measurement results. Using the ADS Momentum software, we find the radiation patterns of single microstrip patch antenna element and arrays of four and sixteen antenna elements. The effects of feed network and coupling between antennas are considered in the simulation. Then the 3D ray tracing techniques using the far field geometrical optics are applied to the results of momentum simulation to calculate the radiation patterns of an array of up to 128 antenna elements arranged in parallel panels of sub-arrays. The calculated radiation patterns are then compared to the far field measurement results of the fabricated phased array antennas. The frequency of operation is 12.2–12.7 GHz. Good agreement observed between simulations and measurements. The effects of diffraction from the edges and the coupling between panels are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it