A journey to the south: socio-economic implications for young female head porters in the central business district of Kumasi, Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The north-south movement in Ghana has taken a new dimension with females searching for better livelihood opportunities. The porters mostly end up living and working under deprived conditions and vulnerable to physical and reproductive health risks. Their expectations of making good money to enable them realise their dreams are hardly realised. Employing a mixed method of data collection, this paper examines the factors of this gendered migration and its socio-economic implications for the migrants in the CBD of Kumasi. It notes that the neo-classical economic theory of migration is inadequate in explaining the current pattern of north-south migration in Ghana. These female head porters face accommodation, health and work related risks/challenges at their destination. Yet deliberate policy intervention to stem the trend or address the associated challenges is lacking. It is the view of the paper that policy intervention must be geared towards bridging the socio-economic gap in development between the north and the south. The introduction of livelihood empowerment programs for these migrants at the destination will be a laudable thing but socio-economic development of the north, especially the promotion of female education will provide a viable long-term solution to the problem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".