Unloading Shoes for Self-management of Knee Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Letters21 February 2017Unloading Shoes for Self-management of Knee OsteoarthritisRyan T. Lewinson, PhD and Darren J. Stefanyshyn, PhDRyan T. Lewinson, PhDFrom University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.Search for more papers by this author and Darren J. Stefanyshyn, PhDFrom University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L16-0632 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Hinman and colleagues' study (1) makes essential progress in the area of footwear for patients with knee OA. The study was rigorous and especially interesting that clinical outcomes did not differ between the standardized and unloading shoe groups over 6 months. We put forth 2 possibilities that may help explain this finding.First, the authors used a standardized shoe as a control condition. Although this or any other sham footwear may prevent differences between groups from placebo effects, it is probably not a true control. Specifically, standardized shoes and other footwear control conditions, such as flat insoles, ...References1. Hinman RS, Wrigley TV, Metcalf BR, Campbell PK, Paterson KL, Hunter DJ, et al. Unloading shoes for self-management of knee osteoarthritis. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165:381-9. [PMID: 27398991]. doi:10.7326/M16-0453 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lewinson RT, Worobets JT, Stefanyshyn DJ. Control conditions for footwear insole and orthotic research. Gait Posture. 2016;48:99-105. [PMID: 27477717] doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.012 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Lewinson RT, Stefanyshyn DJ. Wedged insoles and gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a biomechanical review. Ann Biomed Eng. 2016;44:3173-3185. [PMID: 27436294] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Bennell KL, Kean CO, Wrigley TV, Hinman RS. Effects of a modified shoe on knee load in people with and those without knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:701-9. [PMID: 23203206] doi:10.1002/art.37788 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L16-0632. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUnloading Shoes for Self-management of Knee Osteoarthritis Rana S. Hinman , Tim V. Wrigley , Ben R. Metcalf , Penny K. Campbell , Kade L. Paterson , David J. Hunter , Jessica Kasza , Andrew Forbes , and Kim L. Bennell Unloading Shoes for Self-management of Knee Osteoarthritis Howard Simon Unloading Shoes for Self-management of Knee Osteoarthritis Rana S. Hinman , Kade L. Paterson , Tim V. Wrigley , and Kim L. Bennell Metrics Cited byModerators and mediators of effects of unloading shoes on knee pain in people with knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory analysis of the SHARK randomised controlled trial 21 February 2017Volume 166, Issue 4Page: 311-312KeywordsClinical trialsDisclosureKneesOsteoarthritis ePublished: 21 February 2017 Issue Published: 21 February 2017 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2017 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.052 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".