Increased Incidence of Gastrointestinal Side Effects in Patients Taking Hydroxychloroquine: A Brand-related Issue?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To the Editor: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a well-established drug used in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus UK, a national registered charity supporting people who have SLE, has received a number of recent reports from patients who are experiencing new adverse effects from HCQ after being established on the treatment without any initial adverse effects. These reports began in the first half of 2015 when Plaquenil (a brand name for HCQ) was discontinued1. At that time, many patients were switched to another brand of HCQ called Quinoric; subsequently, patients have frequently attributed side effects, mainly gastrointestinal (GI; such as dyspepsia, abdominal cramps, and dysgeusia), to this new brand of HCQ. We surveyed 128 patients attending the SLE clinic at City Hospital Birmingham, UK, over a 6-week period (June/July 2016) to examine whether there are brand-related differences in side effect prevalence for patients taking HCQ. There is a wealth of evidence that supports the use of HCQ in the treatment of SLE, … Address correspondence to A. Srinivasa, Department of Rheumatology, Birmingham City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK. E-mail: amarsrinivasa{at}nhs.net
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".