Knowledge of and attitudes to the use of long acting reversible contraceptives among Malaysian women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Long acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are effective methods of contraception which are less likely affected by user adherence compared to other forms of contraception. However uptake remains low in many countries. This study explored knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding LARCs among Malaysian women aged 18-50. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to women aged 18-50 years old in Klang Valley, Kuala Lumpur. The questionnaire assessed use of contraception, knowledge of LARC and attitudes to LARC use. Results: The majority of respondents (61.2%) had heard of LARCs. Serious side effects were a concern for a quarter (25.5%) of women and included bleeding, weight gain and permanent infertility. One third believed that other forms of contraception are more reliable and 1 in 4 women were concerned about the involvement of needles and having foreign objects in their body. A quarter of women find it embarrassing to make an appointment for LARC insertion. Younger women were more like to experience this embarrassment. Differences were noted between married and unmarried women as well as between ethnic groups. Discussion: Strategies to increase knowledge of LARC should be investigated as many misconceptions exist. Concern about side effects is of particular concern e.g bleeding among Muslims as this may impact religious practices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".