MARINE MICROALGAE EFFECTS ON ENDOMETRIAL EXPRESSION OF KEY MOLECULES IN PREGNANT DAIRY COWS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Feeding fish meal, high in omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been shown to inhibit uterine secretion of series 2 prostaglandins and improve pregnancy rates. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effects of two sources of long chain omega-3 PUFA supplements, fish oil and marine microalgae, on the expression of key receptors and the prostaglandin H synthase-2 enzyme in bovine endometrium at the time of pregnancy recognition. Within a week of calving, lactating Holstein cows (n=12) were assigned to one of three supplements: hydrogenated plant oil (control), rumen-protected fish oil (PFO) or rumen-protected marine microalgae (PMA) high in docosahexanoic acid (DHA; C22:6, n-3). Diets were isolipidic and isonitrogenous, and were fed for four months. Circulating omega-3 PUFA concentrations were 5.96, 6.80, and 7.53% of total plasma fatty acids in control, PFO- and PMA-supplemented cows, respectively, after four months of supplementation. The PMA-supplemented cows had higher plasma DHA levels (0.72% ± 0.03, P<0.01) than PFO-supplemented cows (0.33% ± 0.02, P<0.01), which had higher levels than control animals (0.082% ± 0.005, P<0.01). Upon confirmation of pregnancy at day 17, uterine tissues were collected for analysis of relative expression and localization of progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), oxytocin receptor (OTR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPARdelta) and the enzyme prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2). Cows fed either PFO or PMA showed stronger reactivity with PR antibodies in the deep glandular epithelium than those supplemented with the control (P≥0.05). Treatment differences in PR expression in other endometrial compartments were not significant, and western blotting failed to detect differences in overall PR expression (P>0.10). There was a tendency for stronger ERalpha antibody reactivity in the adluminal stroma in cows fed PMA (P<0.10), although western blotting of whole endometrial extracts indicated a trend for reduced ERalpha expression in PMA- versus PFOsupplemented animals (P<0.10). Immunohistochemistry did not indicate treatment effects on OTR, PPARdelta or PGHS-2 localization (P>0.10). However, relative protein levels of PGHS-2 were higher in cows supplemented with PFO or PMA in comparison to the control (P≥0.05), and PPARdelta expression was higher in PFO- than control- supplemented cows (P≥0.05). The results confirm the importance of source of omega-3 long chain PUFA in supplements for dairy cows. Marine microalgae are an alternative source of omega-3 PUFA that affect reproduction through different pathways than those of traditional fish-based supplements. (poster)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".