Use of Fish Biomarkers to Assess the Contaminant Exposure and Effects in Lake Erie Tributaries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As an attempt to assess the ecological status of the Lake Erie system and to evaluate the use of biomarkers in environmental monitoring and assessment, brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) were collected from ten Lake Erie tributaries, including the industrially contaminated sites: Detroit River (DET), Ottawa River (OTT), Black River (BLA), Cuyahoga River (CUY), Ashtabula River (ASH), Presque Isle Bay (PIB), Buffalo River (BUF) and Niagara River at Love Canal (NIA), and two non-industrialized reference sites: Huron River (HUR) and Old Woman Creek (OWC).Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were measured in bile of fish from all the locations except HUR and PIB, and the condition factor (K), the hepatosomatic index (HSI), the gonosomatic index (GSI), the spleen-somatic index (SSI), incidences of external raised lesions (grossly visible tumors) and barbel deformities were surveyed in fish from all the ten locations mainly during 1998-2000.Additionally, two genetic assays, the comet assay and micronucleus assay, were used to examine the genotoxic exposure and effects in fish from ASH relative to those from the Conneaut River (CON) (a reference site) during 2002-2004.Measurements of both benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and naphthalene (NAPH) -type PAH metabolites showed significantly higher PAH exposure in fish from the contaminated DET, OTT, BLA, CUY, ASH, and BUF than fish from NIA and the Paul C. Baumann, for his devotion, guidance, encouragement, and financial support over the years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".