Investigation of Biodegradation and Environmental Fate of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in Guelph Municipal Wastewater
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a widely used brominated flame retardant that has endocrine disrupting properties. As such, research was completed to evaluate the environmental fate, kinetics and biodegradation of TBBPA in conventional activated sludge (CAS) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems at the Guelph municipal wastewater treatment plant. In addition a robust analytical method for measuring TBBPA at environmental levels was developed using gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS). The wastewater influent contained TBBPA concentrations in the range of 10 ng/L to 145 ng/L. The removal of TBBPA for CAS and MBR processes were 83% and 76%, respectively, during the study period. The matrix effects were shown to be (79.2±4.5) % (n=10) and (36.5±5.9) (n=10) respectively, for activated sludge mixed liquor and influent wastewater. A novel biodegradation method for quantifying aerobic biodegradation of TBBPA has been established. The degradation rate constants Kbio of CAS and MBR sludge systems were 0.134 d-1 and 0.168 d-1 respectively. A number of partitioning coefficients were experimentally determined to develop a fate model. The experimental data were fitted to multiple isotherm models in order to establish the environmental fate and partitioning and removal of TBBPA from wastewater.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".