Characterization of DER1-Like Domain Family, Member 1 (DERL1) and its Expression in Bovine Corpus Luteum.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site of protein synthesis and facilitates the folding and assembly of newly synthesized secretory and membrane proteins. Misfolded proteins are targeted for degradation in a process that involves ubiquitination and retro-translocation across the ER membrane and destroyed at the proteasome. The Degradation in Endoplasmic Reticulum1 (DER1)-like domain family, member 1 (DERL1 also called DERLIN1) has been reported to be an important factor involved in the retro-translocation and degradation of a subset of misfolded proteins from the ER. We characterized a 2617 bp cDNA from a phage cDNA library generated from bovine granulosa cell mRNA that corresponded to bovine DERL1 mRNA. This mRNA is translated into a protein of about 28.8 kDa that showed 94% identity with the human DERL1, and 92, 86, and 82% identity with the mouse, chicken, and frog proteins, respectively. Amino acid analysis also showed that DERL1 presents four putative transmembrane domains, a characteristic of membrane protein. Two major transcripts of 3 kb and 2.6 kb that correspond to DERL1 were detected by Northern blot analysis, and showed variations in the steady-state concentrations among tissues. DERL1 mRNA was observed in all tissues analyzed including the uterus and the CL. In the CL, DERL1 mRNA expression was greatest early in the estrous cycle (day 5), intermediate in midcycle (day 11, p = 0.064), and lowest in late cycle (day 18, p < 0.05). Injection of PGF2α during the midcycle induced a transient increase of DERL1 expression at 8 hr post PGF2α (p = 0.065) followed by a decrease at 12 hr post PGF2α (p = 0.081) compared to D11 CL. Additionally, expression of DERL1 mRNA was significantly greater at 8 hr post PGF2α than at 1 hr and at 12 hr (p < 0.05). However, no difference was observed in the steady-state concentrations of DERL1 mRNA in the CL of pregnant cows as compared to non-pregnant cows (p > 0.1). Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of DERL1 protein in the bovine CL from days 5, 11, and 18 of the estrous cycle. The ubiquitous, yet variable expression of DERL1, combined with the highly conserved protein among species, suggest a fundamental function of DERL1 within cells, especially from transient tissues, such as the CL. DERL1 might be involved in the function of the early and midcycle functional CL by eliminating misfolded proteins, therefore, participating in luteal cell survival.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".