EXPRESSION AND IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF GNRH RECEPTORS IN BOVINE UTERUS AND OVIDUCTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide, synthesised and secreted by hypothalamic neurones and acts as a central regulator of mammalian reproduction. This hormone exerts its action by binding to transmembrane G protein - coupled receptors on pituitary gonadotrophs and controls synthesis and release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH). FSH and LH further regulate the processes of gametogenesis and gonadal steroidogenesis. Recently, extrapituitary GnRH receptors (GnRH-R) have been demonstrated in ovaries, testes, prostrate, placenta and uterus in different mammalian species and GnRH acts in an autocrine and or paracrine manner in these reproductive tissues and modulates vital biological processes including gonadal steroidogenesis, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. GnRH-R mRNA has also been shown to be present in bovine ovaries (Follicle and corpus luteum) and normal and neoplastic human endometrium / endometrial cells. We for the first time studied the presence of GnRH-R mRNA and GnRH-R protein in bovine uterus and oviducts in the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle and further demonstrated that these receptors are localized in endometrial and oviductal epithelial cells. To our knowledge this is the first report demonstrating presence of GnRH-R mRNA and protein in the oviducts in any mammalian species. We used RT-PCR with gene - specific primers to detect the expression of GnRH-R mRNA and used G3PDH as housekeeping gene. Immunobloting and immunohistochemistry techniques with receptor specific monoclonal antibodies were employed to study the expression of GnRH-R protein in these tissues and bovine pituitaries were used as positive control in these experiments. In this study GnRH-R mRNA and protein were expressed at expected molecular weights of 920bp and 60kD, respectively. Densitometry analysis performed on protein expression further revealed that there was no variation in the expression patterns of GnRH-R in uterus and oviducts when compared either to one another or to the positive pituitary control. Through immunohistochemistry experiments the presence of these receptors could further be localized to endometrial and oviductal epithelial cells in both the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle and 30–40% of pituitary cells showed immunoreactivity to the GnRH-R monoclonal antibody used in the experiments. GnRH binds to its receptors on the pituitary gonadotrophs and central regulatory role of this hormone in mammalian reproduction is well established. GnRH has also been shown to have antiproliferative effect in endometrial carcinomas and endometriosis. But the presence of GnRH receptors in normal uterus and oviducts is intriguing and is an indication that equally functional system might exist in these tissues. There is clear lack of information on local physiological actions of this hormone in these reproductive tissues and therefore it would be imperative to further investigate the modulatory role of this system in mammalian reproductive processes such as gamete transport, fertilization, uterine receptivity, early embryonic development and implantation with an overall objective to improve declining reproductive efficiency in dairy cows. In addition, these studies could also add to the existing knowledge in the field of reproductive biology. (platform)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".