Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Kidney Dialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The kidneys are two organs located in your abdominal cavity on either side of your spine in the middle of your back, just above the waist. They perform several life-sustaining roles: They cleanse your blood by removing waste and excess fluid, maintain the balance of salt and minerals in your blood, andhelp regulate pressure. When the kidneys become damaged, waste products and fluid can build up in the body, causing swelling in the patients' ankles, vomiting, weakness, poor sleep, and shortness of breath. If left untreated, diseased kidneys may eventually stop functioning completely. Loss of kidney function is a serious and potentially fatal condition.Kidney damage and decreased function that lasts longer than 3 months is called Kidney (CKD). CKD is particularly dangerous, because one may not have any symptoms until considerable, often irreparable, kidney damage has occurred. It was estimated by Vivekanand Jha (2013) in his study on Current status of End-Stage Renal Disease Care in India and Pakistanthat there are about 55,000 patients on dialysis in India, and the dialysis population is growing at the rate of 1020% annually. Dialysis is a treatment that aids some of the functions performed by healthy kidneys in CKD patients. It is needed when the patients' kidneys can no longer take care of his or her body's needs. Dialysis is performed on those patients whose kidneys have lost 85-90 % of normal or healthy functioning (Indian Society of Nephrology, 2009). There are two types of Dialysis Hemodialysis (HD) and Peritoneal Dialysis (PD).In the field of healthcare, quality of life is often regarded in terms of how a certain ailment affects a patient on an individual level. This may be a debilitating weakness that is not life-threatening, lifethreatening illness that is not terminal, terminal illness, the predictable, natural decline in the health of an elder, an unforeseen mental/physical decline of a loved one, or chronic, end-stage disease processes (University of Toronto, 2009). On an average 2,53,050 patients undergo dialysis every month in India (Indian Society of Nephrology, 2009.)Dialysis only helps in managing Chronic Kidney Disease. It is by no means a cure sometimes a patient has to be on dialysis for a lifetime or until he or she are able to get a kidney transplant done. Dr. Krause in his article on Dialysis Complications of Chronic Renal Failure (2015) had stated Not only is dialysis a painful process but also causes a drop in the bloodpressure, vomiting, headache and / or severe cramps Some patients need to get dialysis done more than once a week. Such patients are unable to have active jobs, constantly need assistance daily life activities, and spend more time in the hospital than at home, work or among friends; Thus it has major impact on an individual's life satisfaction and QOL.Sathvik and colleagues (2008) studied Assessment of the quality of life in hemodialysis patients using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of hemodialysis patients. An attempt was made to compare the QOL of hemodialysis patients with the QOL of the general population and renal transplant patients. Hemodialysis patients who had completed three months of maintenance hemodialysis (n = 75) were enrolled into the study. The quality of life of hemodialysis patients was found to be significantly impaired (P Sreejitha et al. studied The Quality of Life of Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis and those who underwent Renal Transplantation(2012) renal transplantation and maintenance hemodialysis are the two treatment options for patients with End Stage Renal Disease undergoing dialysis. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".